Residency programs are postgraduate training programs that provide hands-on experience and specialized training in a specific medical field or specialty. These programs typically last from 3 to 7 years, depending on the specialty, and require participants to work under the supervision of experienced physicians to gain the skills and knowledge necessary to practice independently. Residency programs are available in a wide range of medical specialties, including internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and more. Participants in residency programs are commonly referred to as residents, and they work long hours in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings to gain practical experience in patient care, surgical procedures, diagnostic testing, and other aspects of their chosen specialty. Residency programs often involve a combination of clinical rotations, didactic lectures, research projects, and exams to assess the progress and competency of residents. Successful completion of a residency program is typically required to become board-certified in a medical specialty and to practice medicine independently. Residency programs are rigorous and demanding, but they provide essential training and experience for physicians to become competent and skilled practitioners in their chosen field.